All 52 NIBRS-reporting states and territories · 6 offense types · 2019–2024 pooled · 1,163,895 victim records · Annual rates per 100,000 population using Census Vintage 2024 denominators.
Fondling (NIBRS 11D) accounts for 41.6% of all sex offense records — the single largest category. It also has the youngest victim age profile of all offenses, reflecting its prevalence in child sexual abuse cases.
Montana, Utah, and North Dakota occupy the top 3 combined-rate positions. All three have 90–100% NIBRS agency participation, making these among the most reliable rate estimates in the dataset.
California (combined 25.1/100k) and New York (20.1/100k) both have <50% NIBRS participation. Their rates should be treated as floors, not true rates. True rates are likely 2–4× higher.
Research estimates only 2–10% of intrafamilial sexual abuse reaches law enforcement. Montana's rate of 4.14/100k represents detection, not true prevalence. True rates may be 10–50× higher.
Select an offense type to view per-capita rates for all 52 NIBRS entities. Rate = (6-year total ÷ 6) ÷ average state population × 100,000. Click column headers to sort.
| # | State | 6-Yr Total | Annual Avg | Rate /100k ▼ | Heat | Coverage |
|---|
Each cell shows the annual rate per 100,000 for that offense in that state. Color shading is per-column (each offense scaled to its own maximum). States ranked by combined all-offense annual rate (descending). "—" indicates zero or unreported.
| # | State | Rape | Sodomy | SA/Obj | Stat.R | Fondling | Incest | Combined |
|---|
Index = (state rate ÷ reference state rate) × 100. Reference states: Rape → Montana (53.93), Sodomy → Arkansas (19.58), SA/Object → Colorado (10.48), Statutory → South Dakota (14.55), Fondling → Utah (91.40), Incest → Montana (4.136). An index of 50 means that state's rate is half the reference state's.
| # | State | Rape | Sodomy | SA/Obj | Stat.R | Fondling | Incest | Comb.5 | Comb.6 |
|---|
All demographics reflect national totals across all 6 offense types combined (N = 1,163,895 victim records). Race/ethnicity data from NIBRS victim segment. Relationship data reflects all sex offenses combined — offense-specific relationship coding requires microdata analysis.
Family member perpetration accounts for 26.2% of all records. Caregiver relationships: 12.1%. Top 15 relationships by total count shown.
| Relationship | Total | Under 18 | % U18 | Adult (18+) | % Adult |
|---|
230,246 total victims under age 12. Caregiver and family-member relationships dominate this age band.
| Relationship | Under-12 Count | % of All Under-12 | % of Rel. That's <12 | All Ages Total |
|---|
If every state had California's population, what would their annual victim count be? The multiplier answers: how many times more intense is that state's rate environment vs. California's actual rate? Montana at 6.2× means Montana's rate environment produces 6.2× California's victim count at equal population — not that Montana has more total victims.
Combined rate 156.47/100k. CA-equivalent annual count: 61,581 victims/yr vs. California's actual 9,875/yr.
Combined rate just 12.66/100k — the lowest of all 52 entities. CA-equivalent annual count: only 4,982 — less than half California's actual.
Both have <50% NIBRS participation. Their 0.8× and 0.7× multipliers are almost certainly underestimates.
Utah's Fondling equivalent (35,969/yr) exceeds its Rape equivalent by ~100%. High Mountain West rankings are substantially driven by Fondling reporting.
Per capita rates must be interpreted alongside NIBRS agency participation rates. States where fewer agencies report to NIBRS will show artificially lower rates — not necessarily lower true incidence.
Reliability: High — rates most reliable. These states' rates are the closest to true reported incidence.
Reliability: Good — minor gaps; totals reliable. Some under-count possible in rural jurisdictions.
Reliability: Moderate — some undercount; rates slightly low. Major metro agencies may vary by year.
Use with caution — rates likely significant underestimates. Treat as floors only.
Texas shows disproportionately high Sodomy counts (14,234 — 14.1% of national total). This reflects Texas agencies continuing to use the legacy Sodomy code for incidents many other states now code as Rape (11A) under the 2013 revised definition. Texas Rape counts are correspondingly lower.
Illinois shows unusually low Fondling counts relative to population (index 11.4 — second-lowest nationally despite being the 6th-largest state). This likely reflects incomplete NIBRS participation from Chicago-area agencies rather than true incidence.
Both states rank high in Statutory Rape. Both have near-complete NIBRS participation AND active prosecutorial focus on statutory rape reporting. This is a reporting environment effect as much as a true incidence difference.
All rates measure reported crimes only. NISVS and NCVS surveys show only 20–25% of rapes — and even fewer other sexual offenses — are ever reported to law enforcement. True prevalence is estimated 4–10× higher than NIBRS rates shown here.